South America is filled with diverse and breathtaking tourist destinations, and it´s no secret that the South American country of Peru harbors some of the most stunning scenery and natural wonders on the continent. However, it’s the ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu that is considered the most iconic. In fact, it is designated on many different lists as one of the top 10 Wonders of the World. On some lists, it´s in the top seven. For me, it is and always will be number one.
A journey through Lima, Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu, and Cusco is basically a trip through time. Some places still seem stuck in colonial days, while other places, like the ruins of Machu Picchu, pay tribute to an ancient culture. All places, no matter where they are on the time spectrum, will uniquely enrich you while also appealing to your inner explorer.
Plaza De Armas – Lima
Table of contents: (
)A Cultural and Culinary Exploration of Lima
Lima is often viewed as the Gateway to Machu Picchu, primarily because it is the only commercial international airport in Peru. All overseas flights basically come through Lima.
But rather than rush off with a quick connection to the ancient Incan citadel, why not experience the cultural and culinary explosion of Lima, the capital of Peru? Doing so will give you a better appreciation of the unique blend of tradition and modernity that defines this vibrant capital.
Historical City Center
To begin with, Lima boasts an impressive array of historic sites that tell the story of Peru´s past. The colonial architecture, particularly in the historic center, showcases the influence of Spanish conquest and the fusion of indigenous culture.
For instance, the Plaza Mayor, surrounded by the Government Palace and the Cathedral of Lima, invites visitors to delve into the city’s colonial history. By walking the streets, you can experience the remnants of a culture that dates back centuries, making the journey to Machu Picchu more meaningful. Understanding the roots of Peruvian civilization enhances the appreciation of the Incan achievements seen later at the citadel.
Culinary Prowess
Lima is famous for its culinary scene, recognized as one of the best in the world. The city offers a diverse array of dishes that reflect its rich cultural tapestry, from traditional ceviche made from fresh fish marinated in citrus juices to modern fusion cuisine that relies on Peruvian ingredients yet traditional cooking techniques.
One of my all-time favorite dishes is causa, a typical entrée in Peruvian gastronomy that is said to have pre-Columbian origins. Made with lime and aji Amarillo-spiked mashed potato, tomato, black olives, avocado, boiled eggs, and chicken or seafood, it is layered and varies in presentation and ingredients based on budget, region, and the cook.
Dining at renowned restaurants, such as Central or Maido, introduces you to flavors that ignite the senses. These culinary experiences not only satisfy hunger but also provide insights into local ingredients and cooking techniques. Sampling the local cuisine prepares travelers for the unique flavors of the Sacred Valley and beyond, making the entire journey more enjoyable.
Larco Museum
Lima is home to many world-class museums, such as the Larco Museum, showcasing pre-Columbian art and artifacts that illustrate the evolution of Peruvian culture over 3,000 years. Founded in 1926, this outstanding museum is housed in an 18th-century mansion atop a 7th-century pyramid.
It is one of my favorites in all of Peru. Be sure to save time and dine at the museum, as they are known for their sophisticated yet traditional Peruvian fare. Right before you enter the restaurant is the provocative sex museum of ancient Peru. Known as the Erotic Art Gallery, it “offers a unique and fascinating opportunity for the study of sexuality, free of our own myths and prejudices.”
So, take an extra day or two while in the capital of Peru. A stop in Lima is not just a detour but rather an essential part of the journey that should not be overlooked. Embracing this opportunity leads to a more enriched and meaningful exploration of Peru‘s treasures.
Exploring Machu Picchu
Set high in the Andes Mountains, at an altitude of 2,430 meters (7,970 feet) above sea level, the “Lost City of the Incas” is known for its archaeological curiosities, dreamlike setting, and engineering marvels.
The mountain plateau overlooks the Urubamba River and is surrounded by a landscape that features steep cliffs and lush greenery. The setting is a breathtaking natural backdrop that enhances the site’s mystique.
Built in the 15th century during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacuti, it is still a mystery as to what the original purpose was for this remote city. Many experts think it was either a royal summer estate, a religious site, or an astronomical observatory. Ironically, it could have encompassed all three.
No matter what the original purpose, one thing is very clear. The engineering skills that went into dry-stone construction are quite remarkable and have withstood the ravages of earthquakes and time. It is a testament to the knowledge and precision of ancient Incan builders. For example, the precision cutting of stones used in construction allows stones to fit together so tightly that you can´t even get a piece of paper between the seams. Another example was the use of ashlar masonry, where stones fit together without the need for mortar, demonstrating the Incan understanding of structural integrity.
The city of ruins was abandoned by the Incas because of the rapid encroachment of invading Spaniards looking for gold. Fortunately for the future, they never found this treasure. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts millions of visitors yearly, drawn to this mountain mystery by its amazing architecture, breathtaking scenery, and rich history.
Getting to Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is an adventure in itself. The most common route involves traveling to the town of Aguas Calientes, the gateway to the ruins. I enjoyed taking the scenic train ride from Cusco or Ollantaytambo, offering stunning views of the Sacred Valley and the Andes. On the way back, we were even treated to a fashion show en route. You could purchase what you liked, and they would have it packaged and ready for you to take once you reach the station.
For those seeking a more physically immersive experience, the Inca Trail trek is a popular option, allowing hikers to follow the ancient paths used by the Incas. Along the way expect to see lush forests and valleys, letting hikers connect with nature and the local surroundings on a much deeper level.
For instance, the famous Huayna Picchu mountain offers a challengingly robust climb, rewarding those who reach its summit with panoramic views of the ancient site below. This connection between nature and history enriches the visit since it becomes more a journey of discovery than a one-day guided tour.
A word of caution, however, to those who attempt this option. Make sure you are physically fit with no health impairments. This is due to the altitude, variations in temperature, and, believe it or not, consideration for your fellow hikers, as the trail is particularly popular with the backpack crowd and younger guests. As the trail can sometimes be crowded, it is essential that everyone is able to keep pace so as not to impair other´s enjoyment of the site.
Tickets for Machu Picchu are limited, so look at Machu Picchu travel packages before you even look at flights to Peru.
Choosing Your Circuit
As of June 1, 2024, there are 10 circuits and 3 main routes to visit Machu Picchu, so it can get confusing. However, if this is your first visit, the choice is easy as the best option is to buy the ‘Classic Circuit 2’ ticket. This is further divided into two routes: the Classic Designed Route (2A) and the Lower Terrace Route (2B).
The Classic Circuit 2A tour is considered the most complete tour of Machu Picchu because it includes a visit to the main Inca sites, such as the agricultural terraces, the elaborate stonework of the Temple of the Sun, and Sacred Rock. The approximate duration of Circuit 2 is 2 to 3 hours, with a difficulty rated medium to high because of the many stairs.
Don´t overpack your daypack, as no matter what track your ticket is for, it will entail many steps. Most importantly, bring sunscreen lotion, mosquito repellant, and water for hydration. A hat and sunglasses to block the sun are also recommended. And even though this makes sense, it bears a mention. Be sure to wear close-toed shoes and bring a light rain poncho for changeable weather and precipitation. And don´t forget to bring a camera or a cell phone with good imaging quality. Memories are in the making.
Exploring the Ruins
Upon arriving at Machu Picchu, expect to see a stunning array of structures, terraces, and agricultural fields. Keep in mind that each Circuit features different highlights. However, these are some of the key highlights of the citadel:
- Intihuatana Stone: Often referred to as the “Hitching Post of the Sun,” this ritual stone is believed to have been used by the Incas for astronomical purposes. Its precise alignment with the sun reflects the Incas’ deep understanding of astronomy.
- Temple of the Sun: This semi-circular structure is thought to have been a religious site dedicated to the sun god, Inti. The intricate stonework and careful alignment with solar events demonstrate the Incas’ architectural prowess.
- The Inca Bridge: A fascinating feature of Machu Picchu, this bridge was built to provide access to the site while also serving as a defensive mechanism. The bridge is made of wooden planks and is suspended over a steep cliff.
Often overlooked but equally impressive are the king’s living area and Royal Tomb. This is the burial site for aristocracy and is located under the Temple of the Sun. (You can see this on Classic Designed Route 2A).
Whatever you see, the mystique and magic of Machu Picchu is something that will always stay with you. The allure of Machu Picchu is just one part of a larger tapestry of cultural and natural treasures found in the Sacred Valley and the historic city of Cusco. A visit to Machu Picchu offers an unparalleled experience that combines architecture, natural beauty, and deep cultural significance.
Sustainable Tourism and Preservation
The preservation of Machu Picchu is crucial for future generations. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it attracts millions of tourists each year, bringing economic benefits to the region and cultural awareness and benefits to travelers. However, increased tourism poses risks to its structural integrity and surrounding ecosystem.
Implementing sustainable tourism practices is essential to protect this historical treasure. For example, limiting visitor numbers, promoting environmental education, and supporting local communities can help preserve the site while allowing people to experience its wonders. Ensuring that Machu Picchu remains intact is not just about safeguarding history, it is about respecting the legacy of the Incas and the lessons they offer.
The Sacred Valley: A Cultural Gem
The Sacred Valley, located between Cusco and Machu Picchu, is a region rich in history and culture. This fertile valley is dotted with traditional villages, Inca ruins, and breathtaking landscapes. The valley was vital to the Inca Empire, serving as an agricultural hub and a trade route. When you look at Peru travel packages, don’t skip the Sacred Valley in your rush to get to Machu Picchu.
Key Attractions in the Sacred Valley
1. Pisac: Known for its vibrant market and impressive Inca ruins, Pisac is a must-visit destination. The ruins, perched on a hilltop, offer panoramic views of the valley and showcase the Incas’ agricultural ingenuity, with terraced fields carved into the mountainside.
2. Ollantaytambo: This ancient town is famous for its well-preserved Inca architecture and massive terraced fortress. Visitors can explore the ruins and enjoy the picturesque streets lined with traditional adobe houses.
3. Chinchero: Renowned for its weaving traditions, Chinchero is a charming village where visitors can learn about traditional textile techniques. The site also features Inca ruins and a beautiful colonial church.
4. Moray: An archaeological site featuring circular terraces believed to have been used for agricultural experimentation, Moray offers insight into the Incas’ advanced agricultural practices.
5. Salinas de Maras: These salt terraces, still in use today, are a stunning sight. The salt evaporation ponds create a beautiful contrast against the surrounding mountains and offer a glimpse into traditional salt harvesting techniques. Be sure to buy some of the special gourmet salt to take back home.
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Cusco: The Heart of the Inca Empire
Cusco, once the capital of the Inca Empire, is a vibrant city that beautifully blends its rich history with modern culture. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Cusco is characterized by its stunning colonial architecture, archaeological sites, and vibrant markets. Here are just some of the highlights:
Saksaywaman
1. Saqsayhuamán (Aka Sexy Woman): This impressive Inca fortress on a hill overlooking Cusco is famous for its massive stone walls. The site offers breathtaking views of the city and the surrounding mountains.
2. Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun): Once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to the sun god Inti. The temple’s foundations still stand, showcasing the Incas’ architectural prowess, while the colonial church built on top of it reflects the fusion of Inca and Spanish cultures.
3. Plaza de Armas: The main square of Cusco, Plaza de Armas, is surrounded by colonial buildings, restaurants, and shops. It’s a lively place to soak in the local culture and enjoy traditional Peruvian cuisine.
Sacred Valley
Pro Tips
Altitude Considerations: Both Cusco and Machu Picchu are located at high altitudes, so acclimatization is crucial. Spend a day or two in the Sacred Valley to adjust before heading to Machu Picchu.
- Entrance Tickets: Purchase tickets for Machu Picchu in advance, as they can sell out quickly, especially during peak tourist seasons. Consider booking train tickets early as well. Even better yet, sign up with a tour agency that will handle the bookings for you. Tickets are difficult to get, and the protocol sometimes changes. Don´t take a chance to show up with no ticket in hand due to booking with a fraudulent agency. Use professional expertise.
- Guided Tours: It goes without saying that hiring a knowledgeable guide can enhance your experience, as they can provide insights into the history and significance of the sites. The cost is negligible but will enhance your knowledge so much more. Plus, it´s a way to make sure the local community benefits. Use local guides as much as possible.
- Dress Appropriately: The weather can vary significantly between day and night. Dress in layers and bring rain gear, especially during the wet season (November to March).
- Respect the Sites: Help preserve these historical treasures by following guidelines, staying on marked paths, and not touching or climbing on the ruins.
Cusco
Conclusion
In summary, Lima, Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley, and Cusco offer an unforgettable journey into the heart of Peru’s rich history and culture. From the awe-inspiring ruins of Machu Picchu to the vibrant markets of Cusco and the stunning landscapes of the Sacred Valley, this region is a treasure trove for travelers seeking adventure, history, and beauty. Whether you’re an avid history buff, a nature lover, or simply looking for an enriching travel experience, these destinations promise to leave a forever impression.
Full Disclosure
Pezo paid a travel industry rate for a 7-day luxury tour to Machu Picchu. All photos are taken by Karin Pezo. As always, all opinions are those of the author and are based on her actual onsite experience.
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Tags: article, lima, machu picchu, peru, sacred valley